WASHINGTON — A long-awaited American intelligence report made public Friday concludes that the de facto leader of Saudi Arabia approved the gruesome political killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a dissident journalist who lived in Virginia and wrote for the Washington Post.
While that overall conclusion by the CIA and other agencies about Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was first reported two years ago, its official publication on U.S. government letterhead shines a spotlight on the dilemma facing President Joe Biden, who has emphasized the importance of human rights in foreign policy but is not prepared to cut ties with a key American ally.
"We base this assessment on the Crown Prince's control of decision-making in the Kingdom," the report said, "the direct involvement of a key adviser and members of Mohammed bin Salman's protective detail in the operation, and the Crown Prince's support for using violent measures to silence dissidents abroad, including Khashoggi."
The document released Friday is a sparse, page-and-a-half executive summary of a larger classified intelligence assessment.
The confidence levels assigned to the judgments — generally expressed as high, moderate or low — appear to have been blacked out.
The analysis doesn’t cite particular intelligence, but offers broad analytical statements. For example, it notes that “since 2017, the crown prince has had absolute control of the Kingdom's security and intelligence organizations, making it highly unlikely that Saudi officials would have carried out an operation of this nature without the crown prince's authorization.”
And it says the Saudi team sent to kill Khashoggi in Turkey “included seven members of Mohammed bin Salman's elite personal protective detail, known as the Rapid Intervention Force,” which “exists to defend the crown prince, answers only to him, and had directly participated in earlier dissident suppression operations in the Kingdom and abroad at the crown prince's direction. We judge that members of the RIF would not have participated in the operation against Khashoggi without Mohammed bin Salman's approval.”
The crown prince, the assessment says, “viewed Khashoggi as a threat to the Kingdom and broadly supported using violent measures if necessary to silence him. Although Saudi officials had pre-planned an unspecified operation against Khashoggi, we do not know how far in advance Saudi officials decided to harm him.”
On Friday, Secretary of State Tony Blinken also announced that 76 Saudi individuals alleged to have harassed dissidents were subject to visa restrictions, and the Treasury Department sanctioned the Rapid Intervention Force, or RIF, also known as the Tiger Squad, and the former deputy head of Saudi intelligence.
“Those involved in the abhorrent killing of Jamal Khashoggi must be held accountable,” said Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. “The United States stands united with journalists and political dissidents in opposing threats of violence and intimidation.”
In a statement, Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said: "For too long, the United States failed to hold Saudi Arabia accountable for the brutal murder of journalist, dissident, and Virginia resident Jamal Khashoggi. I’m encouraged to see the new administration taking steps to rectify that by releasing this long-overdue congressionally mandated report into his killing."
As it became clear the intelligence assessment would be released this week, the Biden administration sought to balance American ideals and American interests, emphasizing a "recalibration" with Saudi Arabia even as officials acknowledged they would still be doing business with a key partner in the fights against terrorism and Iran.
Click here to read the report.
"We've made clear from the beginning that we are going to recalibrate our relationship with Saudi Arabia," White House spokeswoman Jen Psaki told reporters this week.
Blinken spoke by phone with his Saudi counterpart Thursday, after which Biden had a call with King Salman, the crown prince's father.
The signal was clear: The Biden administration wants to keep MBS, as he is known, at arms length. How that will work going forward remains to be seen. King Salman is 85, and MBS, at the moment, is his heir.
In November 2019 Biden promised to make the Saudis "pay" for the killing of Khashoggi, as he answered a question from Andrea Mitchell of NBC News during a Democratic debate.
"We were going to in fact make them pay the price, and make them in fact the pariah that they are," Biden said.
